Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of diagnosed disorders or anomalies in different organs and systems and also effects of breed, age and sex on disorders incidence rate. Design: Retrospective study on Cattle radiographs. Animals: A total of 74 Cattle referred to the radiology division. Procedure: Data were collected of 171Cattle radiographs, which had been taken in the division of radiology during a 4-year period between 1998-2002. Radiographs were evaluated for site of injuries and relation of breed, sex and age with disorders incidence rate. The information was finally gathered in charts specified for frequency of disorders, sex, age and breed. Results: The disorders were fractures, osteomylitis, arthritis, actinomycosis, pneumonia, colon atresia, OCD and etc. The most frequent disorder was fractures (16.7%) and sites of the fractures were at lower jaw (7.1 %), midshaft of radius and ulna, and digits (each 4.8%).All the colon atresia cases were detected in male calves. Frequency of disorders in immature Cattle (89.4%) had a very obvious difference with matures (l0.6%). Actinomycosis was more in female. Clinical implication: This study showed the potency of radiography in diagnosis of Cattle diseases and disorders and also percentage of incidence probability of them in connection with factors such as sex, breed, age and site in different organs and systems of Cattle.

This study was designed to evaluate serum and milk haptoglobin (Hp) as inflammatory indicators for the diagnosis of diseases in Cattle in Fars province of Iran. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of 20 clinically healthy Cattle and 100 cows with various inflammatory diseases. There were significant differences in serum and milk Hp between clinically healthy Cattle and diseased cows (p<0.05). The results of the present study reveal that serum and milk Hp are sensitive factors for diagnosis of inflammatory conditions in Cattle.

This study was designed to evaluate serum and milk amyloid A (SAA) as an inflammatory indicator in inflammatory diseases. Twenty clinically healthy cows and 100 cows with various inflammatory diseases were selected for this study. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein of both healthy and diseased groups. Milk samples were taken from four quarters of both groups. Milk samples of four quarters from each cow were mixed, then one sample was taken from pooled milk. There was significant difference in concentrations of serum and milk AA between clinically healthy cows and diseased cows (P<0.05). The difference of SAA and MAA between cows with subclinical mastitis and other inflammatory disease of cows was also significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, serum and milk amyloid A are useful diagnostic indicators in the inflammatory diseases of cows.

Although there is not any report of the outbreak of Babesia bigemina in south, southeast and central regions of Iran, some clinical evidences of Texas Cattle Fever were observed in some native Cattle in Sistan region, southeast of Iran. We conducted the present study to morpho-molecular identification of Babesia bigemina, to find the tick-vector and evaluation of clinical symptoms in the affected Cattle. In spring 2018, the presence of Babesia bigemina piroplasm was evaluated in the blood specimens of 17 Cattle that have been diagnosed with high fever, hemoglobinuria and severe anemia with Giemsa staining method. The collected ticks from affected Cattle have been identified morphologically. The clinical symptoms were analyzed and treatment was performed with imidocarb dipropionate. The PCR procedure amplified the Babesia bigemina specific fragment of ITS1-5.8S-ribosomal DNA in blood specimens and tick salivary glands. The morpho-molecular investigations showed Babesia bigemina piroplasm in the blood of 8 numbers of investigated Cattle. Also, the ITS1-5.8S-ribosomal DNA of Babesia bigemina was detected in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus annulatus collected ticks. The clinical disorders of the disease have been treated after administration of Imidocarb dipropionate. The findings of the present study illustrate a new focus of Texas Cattle Fever and its vector in Sistan region, southeast of Iran.

A total of 125 Russian Red Pied cows were genotyped for the prolactim-related gene. The PRL-RsaI genotypes were analysed using the Polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) method. In this breed, the frequencies of alleles were as follows; A= 0.794 and B= 0.206. The frequencies of AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.598, 0.392 and 0.01; respectively. Results showed that: BB genotype had higher milk yield than AA and AB individuals (P< 0.05). BB genotype showed higher milk fat yield than AA and AB individuals (P< 0.05). With respect to milk fat content (%), the AB genotype had higher levels than the AA and BB individuals (P< 0.05). No differences between the cows of different PRL-RsaI genotypes were found in terms of milk fat yield and milk protein concentration. The results showed that the highest milk and milk fat yields were obtained by cows with the genotype PRL-RsaI BB. The results presented here demonstrate that the prolactin gene may be considered as a marker for dairy traits in Cattle.

New Page 1 Objective: The incidence of the postparturient hemoglubinuria (PPH) in the Cattle population is very low, and usually only one or two cases will be seen at one time in an individual herd. In Shahrekord area, between June and July 2000, 15 cases had been observed suffering from PPH. Design: Field study and sample survey. Animals: Fifteen parturient dairy Cattle suffering from PPH. Procedure: Clinical signs were noticed and blood samples were taken from jugular vein of PPH cows, for measuring the levels of calcium and phosphorus. Statistical analysis: Discriptive statistics. Results: Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were as 8.2±0.45 and 2.85±0.31 mg/dl, respectively. Clinical implications: Some epidemiological aspects such as; decrease rainfall (approximately 7% less than last year), warm weather (approximately 0.5c higher than last year), decrease roughage quality, primary selenium and secondary copper deficiency (I) and hypophosphatemia (13) may interfere with evidence of postparturient haemoglubinuria.

Background and Objectives: Anaplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium from Anaplasmata-ceae family. Anaplasma causes high economic losses worldwide. 16S rRNA analysis was used to diagnose Anaplasma platys in Cattle. Phylogenetic tree and estimation of evolutionary divergence between A. platys isolates were performed. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 blood samples were collected from a Cattle farm in AL-Diwaniyah province. 16S rRNA gene was identified using nested PCR. Overall, 40% of Cattle that were chosen to collect the blood were identified to be infected with A. platys. Results: The results have shown presence of targeting partial region of 16S rRNA gene in 24 samples out of 60. Sequenc-ing results of 10 samples have revealed that the phylogenetic tree was divided in to two separate clades. Five isolates of A. platys-Iraq (accession no. OP646782, OP646783, OP646784, OP646790, and OP646791) were located in one clade with the A. platys-China (accession no. MN193068. 1). While, five isolates (accession no. OP646785, OP646786, OP646787, OP646788, OP646789) were in different clade with two isolates of A. platys-Africa and A. platys-Zambia in distinct branch-es, close to the Rickettsiales. Conclusion: The phylogenetic study of A. platys sequences indicated that the isolates were collected from a Cattle farm in Al-Dewaniyah were similar and close related to A. platys-China, A. platys-Zambia and A. platys-Africa). This study suggests that Cattle can be considered a reservoir of A. platys.

Lameness of limbs is one of the most important problems of today's Cattle farms, which causes irreparable economic losses, so that about 60% of cows in each herd are lame at least once a year (finger injuries in Iran are 31.8%). Injuries of the digits is one of the major causes of lameness in Cattle. Bones of the digits in Cattle include the first, second and, third phalanx. Two vestigial digits are existed in Cattle. The medial digit and the lateral digit are the main weight bearing structures on the forelimb and hindlimb, respectively. One of the practical treatments for injuries of the digits is its amputation. Among the most important causes of digit amputation, can mention osteomyelitis of finger and navicular bones, septic arthritis of interdigital joints, fractures and hoof traumas that have not responded to other conservative treatment. Most of digit amputation procedures perform under local anesthetic techniques with the Cattle standing position. Selection of digit amputation techniques depends on several factors, such as the lesion type and the extent of involved anatomical structures. The most common surgical method is to amputate the digit through the distal aspect of the proximal phalanx without the need for a skin flap, which usually has a good prognosis and is effective in improving the economic life of the animal. Todays, limb amputation and the use of prosthesis are indicated in Cattle or calf with untreatable musculoskeletal trauma or infection. General anesthesia is recommended for limb amputation. Although the short-term prognosis for limb amputation is good, the long-term prognosis depends on the weight of the animal and caring condition.